![]() There are many choices detailed in this article, but many of the differences are so subtle as to be insignificant in practice. Window functions allow us to distribute the leakage spectrally in different ways, according to the needs of the particular application. But that method also changes the frequency content of the signal by an effect called spectral leakage. The duration of the segments is determined in each application by requirements like time and frequency resolution. ![]() The reasons for examining segments of a longer function include detection of transient events and time-averaging of frequency spectra. Thus, tapering, not segmentation, is the main purpose of window functions. Equivalently, and in actual practice, the segment of data within the window is first isolated, and then only that data is multiplied by the window function values. Mathematically, when another function or waveform/data-sequence is "multiplied" by a window function, the product is also zero-valued outside the interval: all that is left is the part where they overlap, the "view through the window". ![]() In signal processing and statistics, a window function (also known as an apodization function or tapering function ) is a mathematical function that is zero-valued outside of some chosen interval, normally symmetric around the middle of the interval, usually near a maximum in the middle, and usually tapering away from the middle. Most popular window functions are similar bell-shaped curves. A popular window function, the Hann window. ![]()
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